• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method and apparatus for the continuous industrial production of tubular bodies in which coated or uncoated steel strip is formed to a slit tube and the opposite strip edges are longitudinally seam welded at high speed by a laser beam of high energy density under protective gas with or without supply of additive material, and after a preparation adapted to the narrow melt zone and bringing together of the strip edges a fusion welding with subsequent controlled cooling and upsetting is carried out which results in a seam geometry suitable for any further processing.
    公开号:SU1718714A3
    申请号:SU874203352
    申请日:1987-09-25
    公开日:1992-03-07
    发明作者:Кребс Рольф；Вельзинг Отто；Ретцлафф Фридхельм；Гюнтер Фридхельм；Валь Ханс-Юрген；Гербер Манфред；Грос Хайнц
    申请人:Хеш Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to technology and equipment for laser welding.
    The purpose of the invention: -improve the quality of the welded joint.
    FIG. 1 shows a scheme for implementing the method; Fig. 2 is an installation diagram for carrying out the method; FIGS. 3 and 4 are diagrams of measuring the displacement of the edges of the tape using a light source and a luminous flux detection sensor; figure 5 is a section aa in figure 2; figure 6 - scheme of the weld pool; figure 7 - precipitation scheme; on
    FIG. 8 is a diagram of an apparatus for preparing welded edges of a tape.
    In the manufacture of welded pipes from tape 1, it is moved at a given speed and a tubular billet is formed from it, a set of previously prepared edges 2 and 3 with a given height of irregularities and 1 located opposite one another, they are preheated, welded with a focused laser beam 4, cooled at a given speed to a predetermined temperature and wasp

    with
    live up to a given amount of landing. The height of the asperities of the prepared edges 2 and 3 of the tape 1 is taken to be no more than half the diameter of the focused beam 4, cooling of the welded edges is carried out to a temperature corresponding to the Asz point of the iron-carbon diagram for carbon steels or the corresponding formation of dendrites for special and austenitic steels, and The draft is carried out by creating a force corresponding to the landing with the ratio of the volumes of the planted metal on the inner and outer sides of the pipe, at least equal to 1: 3. The magnitude of the displacement of the edges 2 and 3 of the tape 1 at 15 converging them in the welding zone is taken to be no more than 20% of their thickness (Fig. 1) .- /
    The volume of the planted metal is determined by the height of the landed / gili by its width, or. on the angle of inclination of the side surface of the cage to the pipe surface. The cooling rate of the welded edges is controlled by additionally heating them or the heat-affected zone.
    The choice of the height of the irregularities of the prepared edges is governed by the fact that if this height is chosen greater than half the diameter of the focused beam, uneven heating of the edges being welded is observed, which worsens the process of forming the seam.
    The cooling temperature of the welded edges is governed by that; that in cases where this temperature does not correspond to the Asz point of the iron-carbon diagrams for carbon steels or the formation of dendrites for special and austenitic steels, a decrease in the strength characteristics of the compound is observed, as well as an increase in stresses in the heat-affected zone.40
    When choosing the volumes of the planted metal from the inner and outer sides of the pipe smaller than 1: 3, weld dips along its length are observed, which reduces the strength characteristics of the joint. "45
    When choosing the size of the tape edges displacement of more than 20% of their thickness, deterioration of the seam geometry and reduction of its strength characteristics is observed.
    The installation for manufacturing 50 welded pipes from tape 1 contains blocks 5 for shaping and displacing and precipitating 6 pipes with guide elements 7, a laser welding head 8 and a device 9 for preliminary preparation and heating of the welded edges 2 and 3 of the pipe (Fig. 2). and 8) .. The installation is also equipped with a unit 10 for measuring the displacement of the edges of the tape and the width of the gap between them with the conversion device 11 obtained from the control zone
    signals to electrical, positional sensors 12 and data processing unit 13 for controlling units 5 of forming and moving a pipe, unit 14, three-axis movement of welding head 8 with a control system 15 and non-contact tracking the relative position of the beam and the gap between the edges being welded and processing data as well as a temperature measurement unit 16 with a data processing system, a mechanism for controlling the movement of guide elements 7, and a sediment size measuring unit 18 with a data processing system.
    The guiding elements 7 of the block b precipitated pipes can be made in the form of roller stands or in the form of sliding forming rings (Fig. 6-7).
    The unit 10 for measuring the displacement of the edges of the tape 1 and the width of the gap between them can be made in the form of a source 19 of light and a sensor 20 for recording the luminous flux (Fig. 3 and 4).
    The position sensors 12 of the unit 10 for measuring the displacement of the edges 2 and 3 of the tape 1 and the width of the gap between them can be filled in the form of potentiometers.
    The control and contactless tracking system 15 for the relative position of the beam and the gap between the edges to be welded can be made in the form of an optical system.
    Node 18 measuring the amount of precipitation can be performed optically or in the form of mechanical probes, or in the form of inductance devices.
    The installation works as follows.
    The ribbon starting material is folded by molding with rollers and / or roller cells until a slotted tube is obtained.
    The light source of the contactless tracking system 15 illuminates the surface of the slotted tube obliquely toward its direction of flow. With the help of a television camera located above the gap on the reflected from the surface of the pipe or absorbed in the gap to the luminous flux, a contrast video image of the gap is recorded. With the help of an industrial television camera, a binary image is recorded (a half-frame across to the pipe axis from, for example, image points without gray shades).
    The computational unit processes the amplitudes of the incoming video signals with the help of a threshold corresponding to the average brightness value, which quite accurately provides the difference between
    reflected and absorbed by the light fluxes.
    The offset of the contrast border, i.e. The boundaries between the reflecting and absorbing surfaces of the pipe are provided for further processing after the electronic determination of the contrast difference using an analog voltage 11d proportional to the deviation of the gap.
    Each of the edges 2 and 3 of the tape 1 is guided by rollers, which are calibrated according to the diameter of the pipe.
    The roller bars are adjusted perpendicularly perpendicular to the pipe axis, and the support force is obtained through the support bar with prismatic rollers.
    The height of the roller rulers is determined by means of appropriate potentiometers, the proportional signal in which, in the form of analog voltage, Ur is supplied to the processing unit,
    The system 15 records the displacements of the edges 2 and 3 of the tape 1, as well as the width of the gap between them immediately before the welding zone.
    Depending on the displacement of the edges of the tape, shaded surfaces are formed, which are detected by a diode line camera with differently reflected light beams.
    The gap for welding also gives a shadow or absorbing surface corresponding to its width /
    The diode line camera, which has a resolution of up to 3000 image points per line, converts to analog voltage Ub a length of shadow surfaces proportional to the height of the edges 2 and 3, which is fed to the data processing unit 13. Similarly, another camera supplies the data processing unit 13 with a voltage Us, proportional to the width of the gap between edges 2 and 3. After processing and comparison with the voltage Un proportional to the position of the height of the roller lines, the processing unit 13 generates a control the voltage that is applied to the actuator of the height offset of the roller rulers.
    At a further stage of the technological process, the induction coil, which is driven by a medium-frequency generator, heats the billet.
    The medium frequency generator is power controlled by a data processing device that receives temperature measuring radiation from the pyrometer.
    the seam behind the draft point and thereby regulating the heating of the edges 2 and 3 of the tape, the analog voltage Ut, proportional to this temperature, converts it to the control voltage for the medium frequency generator.
    The guide rollers 7 guide the pipe to the welding zone, but without applying pressure to the edges 2 and 3 of the tape and maintaining the 0.3 mm wide gap for welding.
    The lateral feeding of the guide rollers 7 is controlled by means of actuating drives, the control voltage of which is provided by the data processing unit 13 after the proportional voltage is developed.
    To adjust the position of the heating beam of a laser beam, a measuring laser is used, which parallel to the optical axis of the working laser beam - .. measure the distance to the surfaces of edges 2 and 3. At the same time, the distance measurement is performed using the triangulation method, at which the laser beam directed obliquely to the surface of the object, is reflected and again accepted. With the line camera, the distance between the exit-measuring beam point and the receiving point of the reflected beam, which is proportional to the distance to the object's surface, is estimated and, as an analog voltage Ui, is fed into the data processing unit as an input signal. After additional processing of the analog voltage Ug from the computing unit, the processing unit generates, in proportion to the movements of the tape edges, a control voltage applied to the three-axis movement unit 14 of the welding head 8. Through the laser welding head 8, a protective gas is fed into the welding zone.
    The fusion weld seam passes at a feed rate the cooling section to the precipitation point, where it is deposited by means of mechanism 17 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the weld.
    The cross feed is carried out with the help of executive motors acting on mounting spindles, which receive their control voltages through a data processing device. For this, the data processing device evaluates and compares analog voltages obtained as output signals from the slump measurement units 18.
    These analog voltages are obtained by measuring the width of the planted metal and are proportional to this width, and this measurement is carried out using endoscopes mounted on the inner and outer side of the seam, as well as from subsequent measurements of the precipitation value made at the nodes 18.
    Standard endoscopes have an observable glass fiber package for observation and a glass fiber glass package located around the ring to illuminate the area to be displayed.
    Example. From the tape material (ferritna special steel XSCvTi 12) 3 mm thick with the help of rollers form a pipe billet with a diameter of 63.5 mm. The surface of the edges of the tape being welded is prepared with an average height of asperities of Rm 40 μm. For tracking the size of the gap, an industrial television camera with a binary image of image points without gray shades is used. The gap between the edges to be welded is maintained at 0.3 mm.
    The pipe is formed from a tape of size 199, mm. The edges to be welded are prepared by planing with the help of cutters made of material 105 on both sides of the tape. Mpcr4 by 3-4 mm. Laser radiation with a power density of 2.022M06 W / mm2 and a heating spot diameter of 0/05 cm is used for welding. The input power is 3.97x-103W. During the formation of the pipe, the gap between the edges to be welded is controlled, if the gap is displaced or rotates in the direction by moving the pipe to the right, then for every 0.2 mm the control voltage Ug proportionally changes by 0.5 V. Similarly, the voltage decreases by 0.5 V as the pipe moves from its predetermined position to the left. Preheating of the edges being welded is carried out to a temperature of 220 ° C. - The temperature of the weld metal after precipitating the edges is 850 ° C. The welding speed was 5.8 m / min. As a result, a seam is formed with the volume of the planted metal on the inner and outer sides equal to 1:10 along the entire length of the pipe. There are no seam failures, which ensures its high quality.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    Claim 1. A method of manufacturing welded pipes from a tape, in which the tape is moved at a given speed and forms a tubular billet from it, the arch of the tape edges prefabricated with a given altitude of irregularities and having one edge opposite the other, is preheated, welded with a focused laser beam, cooled at a predetermined rate to a predetermined temperature and precipitated to a predetermined landing volume, characterized in that. In order to improve the quality of the welded joint, the microroughness of the prepared edges of the tape is made not more than half the diameter of the focused beam, the welded edges are cooled to a temperature corresponding to the Asz point iron-carbon diagrams for carbon steels or the formation of dendrites for special and austenitic steels; and the draft is carried out, creating a force corresponding to the landing with the ratio of the volumes of the planted metal with the internal and
    0 outer sides of the pipe, at least equal to 1: 3,
    [2]
    2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of displacement of the edges of the tape, when mixed in the weld zone, is equal to
    5 more than 20% of their thickness.
    [3]
    3. A method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the volume of the planted metal is determined by the height of the landing.
    [4]
    4. Method according to claims 1 and 2, about tl and h and y y and y-- 0 with the fact that the amount of metal planted
    determined by the landing width,
    [5]
    5. The method according to claims 1 and 2, from l and h yu so that the volume of the planted metal is determined by the angle of inclination of the lateral surface of the landing to the surface of the pipe.
    [6]
    6. Method according to claims, 1-5, distinguishing-- i with the fact that the cooling rate of the welded edges is regulated.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the cooling rate of the welded
    edges regulate, further heating them.
    [8]
    8. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the cooling rate of the welded
    5 edges regulate, additionally preheating the heat-affected zone.
    [9]
    9. An installation for the manufacture of welded pipes from a belt, comprising blocks for forming and displacing and precipitating the pipe with guiding elements, a laser welding head and a device for preliminary preparation and heating of the welded edges of the pipe, which in order to improve the quality of the welded
    5 of the connection, it is equipped with a measuring unit for measuring the displacement of the edges of the tape and the width of the gap between them with a device for converting signals received from the control zone into electrical ones, positional sensors and a processing unit
    data for controlling the tube formation and displacement units, the three-coordinate unit for welding head movement with control systems and non-contact tracking of the relative position of the beam and the gap between the edges to be welded and data processing, as well as the temperature measurement unit with the data processing system and displacement control mechanism guiding elements and a measurement unit for precipitation with a data processing system.
    [10]
    10.Installation according to claim 7, the difference lies in the fact that the guiding elements of the block for precipitating the pipe are made in the form of roller stands.
    [11]
    11. Installation according to Claim 7, characterized in that the guiding elements of the block of upsetting pipes are made in the form of sliding forming rings.
    [12]
    12. Installation in accordance with paragraph 7, clause 7, which means that the unit for measuring the displacement of the edges of the tape and the width of the gap between them
    made in the form of a light source and sensor registration of the luminous flux.
    [13]
    13. Installation according to claim 7. characterized by the fact that the positional sensors of the block
    measurements of the displacement of the edges of the tape and the width of the gap between them are made in the form of potentiometers.
    [14]
    14. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the control system and the non-contact tracking of the relative position of the beam and the gap between the edges being welded are designed as an optical system.
    [15]
    TB Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the site for measuring the precipitation value is made optical
    [16]
    16. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the measurement unit of the precipitation value is made in the form of mechanical probes.
    [17]
    17. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the measurement unit of the precipitation value is made in the form of inductance devices.
    WITH
    ftei.f
    Rygl
    FIG. five
    7
    one
    Phage: 6
    FIG. 7
    / 7
    222222
    7
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    DE3632952A|DE3632952C2|1986-09-27|1986-09-27|
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